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凉山清甜香烤烟
凉山清甜香烤烟简介
凉山烤烟自1941年引种成功,清甜香型烤烟种植已有70年左右的历史,有广泛的群众基础,在长期的清甜香型烤烟种植实践中,劳动人民积累了丰富的种植。凉山烟叶“清甜香型”风格特征突出,烟叶外观金黄、桔黄、光泽鲜明,组织疏松,油份适中,是烤烟型卷烟制品主配方的原料。上海烟草(集团)公司、湖北中烟集团、郑州烟草研究院等综合质量评价:“凉山清甜香型烤烟化学成分含量处于适宜的范围之内,烟叶安全性较好”、“凉山清甜香型烤烟香气量较足,烟气状态较好,具有作为主料烟叶的质量特征”、“与进口烟叶进行比较,凉山清甜香型烤烟外观质量符合要求,化学成分协调”。 “十二五”时期,累计实现销售收入454.67亿元,年销售收入从65.11亿元增加到110.24亿元,增加45.13亿元,年均增幅14.07%。实现税利163.75亿元,年税利从21.34亿元增加到43亿元,增加21.66亿元,年均增幅19.14%。实现烟农收入155.55亿元,年烟农收入从24.2亿元增加到33.96亿元,增加9.76亿元,年均增幅8.83%,已基本建成全国重要的战略性优质烟叶基地。
“凉山清甜香烤烟”地理标志保护的获得,有利于进一步提高“凉山清甜香烤烟”的知名度,提升我州特色优质烟叶又好又快发展的内涵质量。(吴晓彦)
地域范围
凉山州位于四川省西南部横断山区东北部,青藏高原东南缘,界于四川盆地与云南省中部高原之间。地理位置东经100°15′-103°52′,北纬26°03′-29°18′之间。南北长370公里,东西宽360公里,全州幅员面积6.04万平方公里,占四川省的12.5%。
凉山清甜香烤烟农产品地理标志保护范围为凉山州会理县、会东县、德昌县、宁南县、冕宁县、普格县、越西县、盐源县、西昌市、金阳县、美姑县、布拖县、昭觉县、喜德县、甘洛县、雷波县16个县市,共计581个乡镇,3639个行政村,保护面积28万公顷。凉山州是国家重要的优质烟叶产区和现代烟草农业试点地区之一,现已成为全国第二大优质烟叶产区,凉山清甜香烤烟年产量5300万吨。
自然生态环境和人文历史因素
(1)土壤地貌情况:凉山州位于青藏高原东南缘,四川省西南部横断山区东北部,区域内地貌复杂多样,以层状地貌发育。地貌以山地为主,约占幅员面积的80%,山原次之,丘陵、冲积平原及宽谷和断陷盆地约占10%。凉山州基本烟田布局在河谷、低山、丘陵、低中山、中山山地和平坝五种地貌类型范围,适宜清甜香烤烟生产的海拔高度范围为1300~2200m,主要集中在1500~1800m之间。土壤类型以紫色土、红壤土、黄棕壤、棕壤为主,占总面积的80%,土层深厚,土壤结构好,土质疏松,透气性好,有机质1~3%;碱解氮80~150mg/kg;速效磷5~20mg/kg;速效钾100~200mg/kg;pH值5.0~7.0;0~60cm土层氯离子小于30mg/kg,即土壤微酸,碱解氮和速效钾含量丰富,土壤质地疏松,通透性好,耕作层深厚,养分含量较高,这是形成凉山清甜香烤烟“高糖、适烟碱、高钾”特点的必要条件。
(2)水文情况:凉山州境内雨量丰富,河流纵横,山地水系发达,除安宁河谷外,多数为山地河流。流域面积在100平方公里以上的大小河流共160多条,流域面积1000平方公里以上的主要有雅龙江等13条河流,其中安宁河是凉山州最大的河流,全长326公里,流经州境内222公里,贯穿冕宁、西昌和德昌3个县市,有大小支流18条,最大支流有孙水何、锦川河、河曲河。
(3)气候情况:凉山州立体气候特征明显,光热水资源丰富,雨热同季,农业气候条件非常优越。凉山州属亚热带季风气候区,可划分为三个亚热带气候垂直带和一个温带气候带,年日照时数1627~2600h,年日照辐射总量4300~6100MJ/m2,是我国同纬度地区日照时数和总辐射量最多的地区之一;年平均气温14~19℃,≥10℃年有效积温5100~6000℃,无霜期220~360d;年降水量838~1176mm,干、雨季分明,雨季从5月至6月初开始,10月中旬结束,降水占全年降水量的80%~90%,夜雨率占70%~80%。凉山清甜香烤烟种植烟区全年气候温和,夏无酷暑,冬无严寒,光照充足,雨水充沛,气温年较差小、日较差大,光合效率高,十分有利于烟叶光合作用的高积累,有利于形成“清甜香”风格特征的优质烤烟。
(4)人文历史情况:凉山彝族自治州有彝、汉、蒙、藏、回等14个世居民族,总人口448.4万人,其中彝族208.29万人,占总人口的46.45%,是全国最大的彝族聚居区。
1941年,会理王守庸组建华康烤烟股份有限公司,从云南玉溪引进烤烟种子,无偿发给农户种植,在攀莲乡川主庙、丙谷乡各建了10座烤房。次年,全县种植100余公顷,收购烟叶3.5万公斤,均销往云南玉溪烟厂。
1942年,西康技艺专科学校农艺系教授詹维廉、西昌裕民公司经理徐仲
伟辗转找到云南热带植物研究所所长、西南联大植物系教授蔡希陶先生,从云南引进烤烟良种“大金元”在西昌县试种成功,但未能推广。同年,美国华盛顿特区政府向中华农业协会寄赠500克“大金元”种子,中华农业协会转交徐仲伟,亦在西昌县试种。该品种流传民间,经自选演变为晾晒烟,俗称“老憨烟”、“大附耳烟”。
1960年,会理、米易、宁南等县引种云南烤烟成功。至1965年,共收购烤烟53.22万公斤。后因种植、烘烤技术不过关,烟叶质量差而停种。1963年,西昌县再次从云南引种,在县委试验田栽培和烘烤均获成功。1975年,会理县从云南省玉溪地区引进烤烟种子,种植353.87公顷,当年收购烤烟67.595万公斤。会东、西昌、德昌、宁南、普格等县相继推广种植。到1985年,凉山烟区烤烟种植面积达7320余公顷,收购烤烟12085吨,成为全国优质烤烟生产基地。1990年,西昌市有22个乡(镇)、82个村、3152家农户种植烤烟,移栽面积713.33公顷。当年因自然灾害,实际种植面积593.53公顷,收干烟76.5万公斤,总产值260万元。
二十世纪90年代,凉山烟区烤烟生产实现历史性跨越式增长。年种植面积从不足1万公顷增长至3.8万公顷(1997年),年总产量从1万余吨增长至7.9万余吨(1997年)。2000年,凉山烟区烤烟种植面积2.2万余公顷,总产量3.4万余吨,中上等烟比例达63.51%,为四川省烤烟种植面积最集中、产量最高、质量最好的烟区。
凉山清甜香烤烟种植已有70年左右的历史,有广泛的群众基础,在长期的清甜香烤烟种植实践中,劳动人民积累了丰富的种植经验。凉山烟叶“清甜香”风格特征突出,烟叶外观金黄、桔黄、光泽鲜明,组织疏松,油份适中,是烤烟型卷烟制品主配方的原料。上海烟草(集团)公司、湖北中烟集团、郑州烟草研究院等综合质量评价:“凉山清甜香烤烟化学成分含量处于适宜的范围之内,烟叶安全性较好”、“凉山清甜香烤烟香气量较足,烟气状态较好,具有作为主料烟叶的质量特征”、“与进口烟叶进行比较,凉山清甜香烤烟外观质量符合要求,化学成分协调”。2004年-2008年凉山烟区累积为全国卷烟工业企业生产清甜香烤烟45万吨,烟农累计销售收入达54.18亿元,烟叶税利累计36.33亿元,五年创烟叶税36.33亿元,清甜香烤烟已成为凉山州高二半山区农民增收离不得、财政增收少不得、企业增效垮不得、卷烟工业缺不得的重要经济作物和支柱产业。
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- 请求信息 : 2025-11-30 06:20:47 HTTP/2.0 GET : www.diming5.com/techan/detail/470920.html
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- 会话信息 : SESSION_ID=qvo9hq0qncg5hgfhpld057khc5
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- /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/app/config.php ( 9.42 KB )
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- /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/simplewind/thinkphp/library/think/Lang.php ( 7.23 KB )
- /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/simplewind/thinkphp/lang/zh-cn.php ( 11.81 KB )
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- /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/public/plugins/switch_theme_demo/SwitchThemeDemoPlugin.php ( 1.64 KB )
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- [ CACHE ] INIT File
- [ BEHAVIOR ] Run cmf\behavior\InitHookBehavior @app_init [ RunTime:0.001752s ]
- [ LANG ] /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/simplewind/thinkphp/lang/zh-cn.php
- [ ROUTE ] array (
'type' => 'module',
'module' =>
array (
0 => 'food',
1 => 'index',
2 => 'index',
),
'convert' => false,
)
- [ HEADER ] array (
'cookie' => 'server_name_session=3e1206a5f37dd5b03df87518c1c3158c; PHPSESSID=qvo9hq0qncg5hgfhpld057khc5',
'accept-encoding' => 'gzip, br, zstd, deflate',
'user-agent' => 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)',
'accept' => '*/*',
'host' => 'www.diming5.com',
'content-type' => '',
'content-length' => '',
)
- [ PARAM ] array (
'foodid' => '470920',
)
- [ LANG ] /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/public/../simplewind/cmf/lang/zh-cn.php
- [ LANG ] /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/public/../app/admin/lang/zh-cn/common.php
- [ LANG ] /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/public/../app/dm/lang/zh-cn/common.php
- [ BEHAVIOR ] Run cmf\behavior\LangBehavior @app_begin [ RunTime:0.000459s ]
- [ BEHAVIOR ] Run cmf\behavior\InitAppHookBehavior @module_init [ RunTime:0.000190s ]
- [ DB ] INIT mysql
- [ BEHAVIOR ] Run plugins\switch_theme_demo\SwitchThemeDemoPlugin @switch_theme [ RunTime:0.011987s ]
- [ LANG ] /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/public/../app/dm/lang/zh-cn/home.php
- [ BEHAVIOR ] Run cmf\behavior\HomeLangBehavior @home_init [ RunTime:0.000414s ]
- [ RUN ] app\food\controller\IndexController->index[ /www/wwwroot/diming5.com/app/food/controller/IndexController.php ]
- [ VIEW ] themes/mobile/food/index/index.html [ array (
0 => 'site_info',
1 => 'url',
2 => 'city',
3 => 'food',
4 => 'spot',
5 => 'theme_vars',
6 => 'theme_widgets',
) ]
- [ SESSION ] INIT array (
'id' => '',
'var_session_id' => '',
'prefix' => 'think',
'type' => '',
'auto_start' => true,
)
- [ DB ] CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000359s ] mysql:host=localhost;port=3306;dbname=diming5_com;charset=utf8mb4
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_plugin` [ RunTime:0.000677s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT `config` FROM `dm_plugin` WHERE `name` = 'SwitchThemeDemo' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000230s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_food` [ RunTime:0.000601s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_food` WHERE `id` = 470920 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000306s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_place_name` [ RunTime:0.000499s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_place_name` WHERE `id` = 239791 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000232s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_place_name` WHERE `id` = 470920 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000212s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_food` WHERE `dm_id` = 239791 [ RunTime:0.000517s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_spot` [ RunTime:0.000460s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_spot` WHERE `dm_id` = 239791 [ RunTime:0.000394s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_theme_file` [ RunTime:0.000552s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/config' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000301s ]
- [ SQL ] UPDATE `dm_theme_file` SET `theme`='mobile',`action`='public/Config',`file`='public/config',`name`='模板全局配置',`more`='{\"vars\":{\"enable_mobile\":{\"title\":\"\\u624b\\u673a\\u6ce8\\u518c\",\"value\":1,\"type\":\"select\",\"options\":{\"1\":\"\\u5f00\\u542f\",\"0\":\"\\u5173\\u95ed\"},\"tip\":\"\"}}}',`config_more`='{\"vars\":{\"enable_mobile\":{\"title\":\"\\u624b\\u673a\\u6ce8\\u518c\",\"value\":1,\"type\":\"select\",\"options\":{\"1\":\"\\u5f00\\u542f\",\"0\":\"\\u5173\\u95ed\"},\"tip\":\"\"}}}',`description`='模板全局配置文件',`is_public`=1,`list_order`=0 WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/config' [ RunTime:0.001992s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/nav' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000410s ]
- [ SQL ] UPDATE `dm_theme_file` SET `theme`='mobile',`action`='public/Nav',`file`='public/nav',`name`='导航条',`more`='{\"vars\":{\"company_name\":{\"title\":\"\\u516c\\u53f8\\u540d\\u79f0\",\"name\":\"company_name\",\"value\":\"ThinkCMF\",\"type\":\"text\",\"tip\":\"\",\"rule\":[]}}}',`config_more`='{\"vars\":{\"company_name\":{\"title\":\"\\u516c\\u53f8\\u540d\\u79f0\",\"name\":\"company_name\",\"value\":\"ThinkCMF\",\"type\":\"text\",\"tip\":\"\",\"rule\":[]}}}',`description`='导航条模板文件',`is_public`=1,`list_order`=1 WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/nav' [ RunTime:0.001533s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' [ RunTime:0.000392s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_theme` [ RunTime:0.000861s ]
- [ SQL ] UPDATE `dm_theme` SET `name`='diming',`version`='1.0.2',`demo_url`='',`author`='tinyboat',`lang`='zh-cn',`author_url`='',`keywords`='地名网模版',`description`='地名网模版' WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' [ RunTime:0.001418s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT `more` FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND ( `is_public` = 1 OR `file` = 'food/index/index' ) [ RunTime:0.000308s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_link` [ RunTime:0.000934s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_link` WHERE `status` = 1 ORDER BY `list_order` ASC [ RunTime:0.000389s ]

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