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肃南甘肃高山细毛羊
肃南甘肃高山细毛羊简介
甘肃省河西走廊中部,美丽的祁连山麓,有一个肃南裕固族自治县,境内森林茂密,矿藏丰富,绿草如茵,牛羊成群,风光秀丽。这就是裕固族人民的家乡。裕固族共有1.2万多人,主要分布在甘肃省肃南裕固族自治县。裕固族有三种本民族语言,没有文字,通用汉文。公元11世纪中叶到16世纪,河西回鹏人与邻近各族相融合,逐渐形成了裕固族。明朝初年,裕固族东迁入关,在祁连山一带放牧,史书上曾称他们为“黄番”、“西番”等。他们自称“晓平尔”、“洒喇尧乎尔”。1953年以“裕固”作为本民族的正式名称。裕固族人民在长期的生产、生活过程中,产生了许多内容丰富、形式多样的民间文学作品,包括神话、传说、寓言、民歌、叙事诗、格言、谚语等,成为我国文艺百花园中别具一格的青葩。民歌,是裕固族最喜爱的一种口头文学形式。历史上,裕固族曾有职业歌手,他们主要为举办丧葬嫁娶等的家庭演唱。唱歌在他们生活中占有十分重要的地位。裕固族有句俗话说:“当我忘记了故乡的时候,故乡的语言我不会忘;当我忘记了故乡语言的时候,故乡的歌曲我不会忘。”在裕固人放牧的草原和山坡上,可以看到数不清的牛羊,并随时会听到引人入胜的歌声。裕固族民歌内容丰富,曲调优美,节奏明快,富有鲜明的民族特色。裕固族人民擅长造型艺术。他们编织的毛袋、毯子和马缓绳都织有图案,妇女的衣领、衣袖和布鞋上绣着各种花、草、鱼、虫、兽等,色彩绚丽谐调,独具特色。民俗风情(服饰、礼仪、生活习俗、禁忌等) 剃头仪式:裕固族的习俗十分有趣,首先是儿童剃头要举行仪式。儿童满周岁或三岁第一次剃头时,要选定吉日,请来客人,举行隆重的仪式,目的是预祝孩子健康成长,长命百岁。客人们要带着钱、哈达,舅舅家带着牛犊或羊羔、马驹等礼物来参加仪式。孩子先由母亲领到舅舅跟前,另有一人端着盘子,上面放有剪刀和奶、酥油、惜粑做成的裸子。舅舅先把酥油裸子套在孩子头上,剪下一缕头发在盘子里,用手指蘸酥油点在孩子的额头上,抹到孩子嘴里,说着吉祥的话。紧接着,其他亲友们也用同样的方式剪下一缕头发,同时唱着歌,到最后大家一齐高唱祝福歌,再由舅舅将头发都剃光,只留头顶的一小撮。之后,主客共同举杯、欢宴。饮食:裕固族人民的饮食,牧区以酥油、格粑、乳制品为主,农区以粮食、蔬菜为主。款待客人要献全羊或羊背子。他们喝的茶,除放盐和鲜奶外,还加放草果和姜片。热滚滚的奶茶冲开碗里的炒面、酥油、曲拉(奶制品),香味扑鼻。裕固族肉食的品种很多,主要有手抓羊肉、“肉肠”和“支果于”。“肉肠”是把羊脖肉和里脊肉切碎后拌上调料熟面,装进肥肠煮熟而成。“支果干”是将羊肝脏等切碎,拌上熟面、葱、蒜做成的,吃时切成薄片,蘸蒜泥和醋。忌吃马、骡的肉。服饰:裕固族服饰也很有特色。男子戴毡帽,穿高领的左大襟长袍,柬红蓝色腰带,穿高统靴。女子也穿高领长袍,衣边绣有图案花纹,饱子多数是绿色或蓝色,外罩一件鲜艳的高领坎肩,脚蹬长简靴、头戴喇叭形的毡帽。裕固族人讲究戴耳环、手镯、戒指和其他佩物,如有些年老的男性仍保持左耳戴耳环、腰挂腰刀、火镰、火石、小怫像、鼻烟壶、小酒壶等的装束。(生活习俗)裕固族牧民以帐篷为家。过去是住圆锥形,由四、六、九根木柱支撑的帐篷。1958年后改用藏式方形帐篷。帐篷是用牦牛毛和绵羊毛织成毯子后缝制而成的,既遮风又挡雨,便于拆卸和搭盖。裕固人的帐篷忌坐南朝北。帐篷正上方过去是摆神位的地方,现在多是放置家具、收录机、电视机等物。左边是用木板拼接成的板炕,上面叠放着被褥、毛毯,来客也请到炕上就座,而且按不同的辈分分坐不同的位置。帐篷右边放置奶桶、锅碗等用具。中间是炉灶。烧火做饭就在这里。帐篷顶端有天窗。在定居放牧和农业地区,裕固族的住房则多以土房为主。经济活动 中华人民共和国成立后,裕固族实现了民族区域自治,发展了以畜牧业为主的多种经济,基本上实现了定居放牧,兼营狩猎、农业。改革开放以来,裕固族地区的经济繁荣,社会各项事业得到很大发展。重大贡献 长期以来,裕固族和各族人民一起曾多次进行反对封建压迫和国民党反动统治的斗争。1936年中国工农红军长征经过裕固族地区,裕固族人民为红军送粮带路,救护伤病员,有的光荣牺牲,为革命做出了贡献。
全省共有甘肃高山细毛羊300多万只,其中肃南县有100多万只,天祝县有60多万只,主要推广至新疆、内蒙、青海等地。高山细毛羊年产羊毛3000多吨、羊肉6000多吨。2013年“肃南甘肃高山细毛羊”获得了国家农产品地理标志认证,为畜牧业经济的持续发展和牧民收入的稳步增加打下了坚实的基础。该羊种只均产毛量达3.8公斤,酮体重21.8公斤,是县内科技含量最高、经济效益最好、牧民得到实惠最多、发展潜力最大的优势畜种,肃南县农牧民人均纯收入的70%以上来自细毛羊产业,高山细毛羊产业已成为肃南县牧民群众增收的支柱产业。
甘肃高山细毛羊相比普通山羊,性格较为温顺,所以对生态破坏力度也很小。目前,肃南县已建成科技示范园区1个、科技示范点40个、标准化养殖小区20个、高标准暖棚羊舍2500座,发展人工种草面积11万亩,扶持和培育规模养殖户3500余户,全县舍饲半舍饲养殖率达到70%以上,仅2014年推广绵羊标准标识打号20万只,推广羊衣3.2万件,穿衣羊达12万只以上,检测出含有多胎基因羊23只,推广怀孕母羊后期补饲和羔羊早期补饲技术,使羔羊成活率得到有效提高。
肃南甘肃高山细毛羊
地域范围
地理环境概况。肃南裕固族自治县地处河西走廊南部,祁连山中段北坡,地理位置约处在东径90°20′—102°13′,北纬37°28′—39°49′之间,地形呈狭长地带,全县除明花乡属沙漠外,其余7个乡镇均系山地。与青海甘肃15个县(市)接壤,地势南高北低,自南向北呈带状起伏,整个地貌分走廊山前倾斜平原区和祁连山中高山区两个形态单元。海拔1327—5564米,相对高差4327米。 畜牧业概况。2009年6月末全县各类牲畜饲养量达到105.12万头(只),其中:绵羊84.4万只(甘肃高山细毛羊61.84万只),占80.3%。年末存栏各类牲畜 59.39万头(只),其中:绵羊46.93万只(甘肃高山细毛羊38.64万只),占79.02%。出栏各类牲畜42.11万头(只)。全县绒毛、肉类产量分别达到194万公斤828万公斤。全县农牧业增加值达到1.95亿元,其中牧业增加值1.48亿元,占76%。农牧民人均纯收入达到6098元,其中来自畜牧业方面的收入4331元,占78.4%。年饲养量85万只,年产羊肉6000吨,产毛2000吨。
大河乡其他特产
大河乡景点大全
基本
文件
流程
错误
SQL
调试
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- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/config' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000263s ]
- [ SQL ] UPDATE `dm_theme_file` SET `theme`='mobile',`action`='public/Config',`file`='public/config',`name`='模板全局配置',`more`='{\"vars\":{\"enable_mobile\":{\"title\":\"\\u624b\\u673a\\u6ce8\\u518c\",\"value\":1,\"type\":\"select\",\"options\":{\"1\":\"\\u5f00\\u542f\",\"0\":\"\\u5173\\u95ed\"},\"tip\":\"\"}}}',`config_more`='{\"vars\":{\"enable_mobile\":{\"title\":\"\\u624b\\u673a\\u6ce8\\u518c\",\"value\":1,\"type\":\"select\",\"options\":{\"1\":\"\\u5f00\\u542f\",\"0\":\"\\u5173\\u95ed\"},\"tip\":\"\"}}}',`description`='模板全局配置文件',`is_public`=1,`list_order`=0 WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/config' [ RunTime:0.001806s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/nav' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000307s ]
- [ SQL ] UPDATE `dm_theme_file` SET `theme`='mobile',`action`='public/Nav',`file`='public/nav',`name`='导航条',`more`='{\"vars\":{\"company_name\":{\"title\":\"\\u516c\\u53f8\\u540d\\u79f0\",\"name\":\"company_name\",\"value\":\"ThinkCMF\",\"type\":\"text\",\"tip\":\"\",\"rule\":[]}}}',`config_more`='{\"vars\":{\"company_name\":{\"title\":\"\\u516c\\u53f8\\u540d\\u79f0\",\"name\":\"company_name\",\"value\":\"ThinkCMF\",\"type\":\"text\",\"tip\":\"\",\"rule\":[]}}}',`description`='导航条模板文件',`is_public`=1,`list_order`=1 WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND `file` = 'public/nav' [ RunTime:0.001289s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' [ RunTime:0.000361s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_theme` [ RunTime:0.000851s ]
- [ SQL ] UPDATE `dm_theme` SET `name`='diming',`version`='1.0.2',`demo_url`='',`author`='tinyboat',`lang`='zh-cn',`author_url`='',`keywords`='地名网模版',`description`='地名网模版' WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' [ RunTime:0.001277s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT `more` FROM `dm_theme_file` WHERE `theme` = 'mobile' AND ( `is_public` = 1 OR `file` = 'food/index/index' ) [ RunTime:0.000407s ]
- [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `dm_link` [ RunTime:0.000742s ]
- [ SQL ] SELECT * FROM `dm_link` WHERE `status` = 1 ORDER BY `list_order` ASC [ RunTime:0.000333s ]

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